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Lawrence Westbrook (politician)
Colonel Lawrence Westbrook was a Texan politician and official in the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was born 23 August 1889 in Belton, Texas〔26 January 1964, The New York Times, ''Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administration Aid'', p.81〕 and was a 1908 graduate of the University of Texas and later the University of Texas Law School.〔26 January 1964, The New York Times, ''Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administration Aid'', p.81〕 Colonel Westbrook also served as a member of the Texas Legislature representing Waco, Texas. During World War I he attained the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Army Signal Corps.〔"Col. Westbrook to Wed," The New York Times. 20 March 1937. p.20〕 He married Mrs. Martha Wootton Collings in Hot Springs, Arkansas in March 1937.〔"Col. Westbrook to Wed," The New York Times. 20 March 1937. p.20〕 During World War II Colonel Westbrook returned to active duty and was wartime president of the United States Purchasing Board in the South Pacific theater where he was awarded the Order of the British Empire from New Zealand. While serving in the South Pacific he was responsible for a survey of all defense resources for this region.〔"3 Americans Honored: New Zealand Awards Medals for Their War Work," The New York Times. 27 September 1947. p.7〕 Colonel Westbrook died in San Angelo, Texas.〔26 January 1964, The New York Times, ''Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administration Aid'', p.81〕
==Early career==
Westbrook, the developer of the little-known Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division – a program of cooperatively owned housing projects for middle-income residents funded by the US Government –〔Szylvian, Kristin M. "(Our Mutual Friend: A Progressive Housing Legacy from the 1940s. )" ''Designer Builder: A Journal of the Human Environment''. Vol. 111 No. 9. January 1997〕 began his career late in the 1920s with his own self-initiated program for organizing rural Texas farmers into a cooperative marketing body. Today, in 2009, while the US is experiencing the popping of a real estate bubble, the mutual ownership concept is especially interesting, as it was based on the idea that traditional home ownership was not the best economic choice for many middle income families. Since it ties these families to their home during times of economic recession or depression, it makes it difficult for them to move and follow available employment opportunities. In the early 1930s, Westbrook and his program attracted favorable attention from regional New Deal officials, and in 1931 Westbrook was appointed to the position of Director of the Texas Relief Commission.〔"Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administrative Aide," The New York Times. 26 January 1964. p.81〕 While involved in the Texas relief programs Westbook was intensely interested in supporting the development of the Texas Parks system. He was a close friend of influential Congressman and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1940-1947, 1949-1953 and 1955-1961) Sam Rayburn which the Westbrook family reports was a key in Colonel Westbrook's success while working within the US Government. During Colonel Westbrook's experience as a Texas public official he became convinced of the benefits of cooperative enterprises. In quick succession, he was promoted to Assistant Federal Emergency Relief Administrator in the Rural Rehabilitation Division, and then to First Assistant Work Projects (WPA) Administrator Harry L. Hopkins.〔"Rule of Militia Eased in Hartford," The New York Times. 25 March 1939. p.9〕 They became friends and Mr. Hopkins would serve as best man at Colonel Westbrook's marriage in 1937.〔"Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administrative Aide," The New York Times. 26 January 1964. p.81〕
In 1934, Colonel Westbrook joined the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and by 1936 he was responsible within the WPA for managing a community in Pontiac, Michigan called West Acres. This project was designed as a cooperative housing option for auto workers. As a federal government official, Westbrook would work in the area of public housing and President Roosevelt would also credit him with developing the administration's rural rehabilitation program.〔"Westbrook Quits WPA Post," The New York Times. 20 June 1936. p.7〕 In the early 1930s while part of the Federal Relief Administration he was placed in charge of dealing with drought areas in the upper midwest and briefed President Roosevelt on his train while passing through this area. While serving as First Assistant in the WPA he also was in charge of the Homestead Project which included one of Eleanor Roosevelt's pet projects, Arthurdale, West Virginia.〔"First Lady Inspects Homestead Project: Mrs. Roosevelt Hails Red House, West Virginia, Housing Plan as 'Promising'", The New York Times. 16 December 1934. p.30〕 Colonel Westbrooks involvement with the WPA also included chairing the WPA Advisory Board starting in 1936 after resigning as first assistant to "devote more time to personal matters."〔"Westbrook Quits WPA Post," The New York Times. 20 June 1936. p.7〕 In 1937, he supported the granting of a subsidy to cotton growers while he served as a special investigator in charge of a US Senate investigation of cotton cooperatives.〔"Lawrence Westbrook, 74, Dies; Roosevelt Administrative Aide," The New York Times. 26 January 1964. p.81〕 His involvement and interest in the housing problems of the low and middle income groups grew out of this experience and research in public housing. His step daughter, Madge Westbrook Brown, also reported that as a west Texan living in Washington, DC, Colonel Westbrook was frustrated by the lack of green space and was committed to developing housing in a park setting. He was also committed to providing the very best architectural environments for the low and middle-class residents of his housing develops. He would go on to hire some of the very top architects of his time to design his projects including Richard Neutra. The housing problems he identified included the inability of the middle class to accumulate the necessary capital to move out of the rental market, the unstable nature of their employment, and the lack of flexibility within the housing market that would permit easy adjustments to the ever changing size and needs of each family. Westbrook believed that eliminating the required downpayment for housing purchases would actually make the middle class a better risk for home ownership by simply allowing them to keep financial reserves that could carry them through difficult times. Inspired by the success of the government-sponsored Rural Electrification Cooperatives Program, Westbrook set about applying many of the cooperative principles to the middle income housing problem; what resulted was the Mutual Home Ownership concept.
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